Free Essays on Describe The Religious Pendillum From Henry VIII To Elizabeth

Describe the religious pendulum from Henry VIII to Elizabeth Kim Moreland Arthur’s death meant that Henry now had a claim to the throne in 1509. Henry was announced as king at only 17 years of age. During this period England was in a time were people kept and carried out their own opinions about religion, this was as the previous king was no strong follower of religion. This however, was on the verge of changing now that Henry a strong Catholic was now in control. Early into his reign Henry married his late brothers widow Catherine of Aragon, he was forced to carry out this action in order to keep in close relations with Spain. Henry was in need of a son, if he was to put his mind at rest that he would be able to pass on the responsibility of king to one of his offspring. Catherine fell pregnant but did not produce him a son, she gave birth to soon to be ‘bloody’ Mary. Henry applied for a divorce but was denied this as the catholic pope did not believe in divorces. Whilst still married to Catherine Henry fell in love with a young Anne Boleyn. Henry began referring to himself as Cesar and soon the Catholic churches were forced to give into his requirements and so Henry was divorced from Catherine and free to marry Anne Boleyn. England was now a catholic country and Henry was the keen leader in this reformation. The pope was not seen as important as the King in England and so, this being a very big ego booster, Henry saw himself as the main leader of all the churches as well as the country. Before Henry’s reign all bibles were written in Latin until one man William Tyndale translated it into English. These bibles were banned from all the churches but still, people kept trying to smuggle these bibles into the churches. Tyndale and his bible were seen as a threat to the churches and to Henry. Due to the new English bible people could now make their own decisions and opinions about the bible and priests were no longe... Free Essays on Describe The Religious Pendillum From Henry VIII To Elizabeth Free Essays on Describe The Religious Pendillum From Henry VIII To Elizabeth Describe the religious pendulum from Henry VIII to Elizabeth Kim Moreland Arthur’s death meant that Henry now had a claim to the throne in 1509. Henry was announced as king at only 17 years of age. During this period England was in a time were people kept and carried out their own opinions about religion, this was as the previous king was no strong follower of religion. This however, was on the verge of changing now that Henry a strong Catholic was now in control. Early into his reign Henry married his late brothers widow Catherine of Aragon, he was forced to carry out this action in order to keep in close relations with Spain. Henry was in need of a son, if he was to put his mind at rest that he would be able to pass on the responsibility of king to one of his offspring. Catherine fell pregnant but did not produce him a son, she gave birth to soon to be ‘bloody’ Mary. Henry applied for a divorce but was denied this as the catholic pope did not believe in divorces. Whilst still married to Catherine Henry fell in love with a young Anne Boleyn. Henry began referring to himself as Cesar and soon the Catholic churches were forced to give into his requirements and so Henry was divorced from Catherine and free to marry Anne Boleyn. England was now a catholic country and Henry was the keen leader in this reformation. The pope was not seen as important as the King in England and so, this being a very big ego booster, Henry saw himself as the main leader of all the churches as well as the country. Before Henry’s reign all bibles were written in Latin until one man William Tyndale translated it into English. These bibles were banned from all the churches but still, people kept trying to smuggle these bibles into the churches. Tyndale and his bible were seen as a threat to the churches and to Henry. Due to the new English bible people could now make their own decisions and opinions about the bible and priests were no longe...

Palladium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Palladium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Palladium  is a silvery-white metallic element with atomic number 46 and element symbol Pd. In daily life, its most often found in jewelry, dentistry, and catalytic converters for automobiles. Here is a collection of useful and interesting palladium facts: Essential Palladium Facts Atomic Number: 46 Symbol: Pd Atomic Weight: 106.42 Discovery: William Hyde Wollaston 1802 (England) Wollaston noted his discovery of the metal in 1802 and offered the purified element for sale in 1803, although there was some controversy regarding the discovery. Richard Chenevix believed Wollastons palladium to be a platinum-mercury alloy. Chenevixs palladium experiments earned him the 1803 Copley Medal, but its clear Wollaston did at least partially purify the element. He dissolved platinum order from South America in aqua regia, neutralized it with sodium hydroxide and precipitated out the platinum. Reacting the remaining material with mercuric cyanide formed palladium(II) cyanide, which was heated to yield the purified element. Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d10 Word Origin: Palladium was named for the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered approximately the same time (1803). Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom. Properties: Palladium has a melting point of 1554 °C, boiling point of 2970 °C, specific gravity of 12.02 (20 °C), and valence of 2, 3, or 4. It is a steel-white metal which does not tarnish in air. Palladium has the lowest melting point and density of the platinum metals. Annealed palladium is soft and ductile, but it becomes much stronger and harder through coldworking. Palladium is attacked by nitric acid and sulfuric acid. At room temperature, the metal can absorb up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen. Palladium can be beaten into leaf as thin as 1/250,000 of an inch. Uses: Hydrogen readily diffuses through heated palladium, so this method is often used to purify the gas. Finely divided palladium is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Palladium is used as an alloying agent and for making jewelry and in dentistry. White gold is an alloy of gold which has been decolorized by the addition of palladium. The metal is also used to make surgical instruments, electrical contacts, professional transverse flutes, and watches. In photography, palladium is an alternative to silver, used in the platinotype printing process. Sources: Palladium is found with other metals of the platinum group and with nickel-copper deposits. The primary commercial sources are the Norilsk-Talnakh deposits in Siberia and the nickel-copper deposits of the Sudbury Basic in Ontario, Canada. Russia is the primary producer. It may be produced in a nuclear fission reactor from spent nuclear fuel. Health Effects: Palladium, like the other platinum group metals, is mostly inert in the body as a bulk metal. However, there are reports of contact dermatitis, particularly in persons allergic to nickel. This causes problems when palladium is used in jewelry or dentistry. In addition to these uses, environmental exposure to palladium comes from release by automotive catalytic converters, food, and workplace exposure. Soluble compounds of palladium are excreted from the body within 3 days (99 percent). In mice, the median lethal dose of soluble palladium compounds (e.g., palladium chloride) is 200 mg/kg orally and 5 mg/kg intraveneously. Palladium is poorly absorbed and its toxicity is considered low, but it may be carcinogenic. Most plants tolerate it when it is present in low concentrations, although it is lethal to water hyacinth. Palladium serves no known biological role. Currency: Palladium, gold, silver, and platinum are the only metals that have ISO currency codes. The codes for palladium are XPD and 964. Cost: The price for palladium continues to rise. In 2016, palladium cost about $614 per ounce. In 2018, it reached $1100 per ounce. Element Classification: Transition Metal PalladiumPhysical Data Density (g/cc): 12.02 Melting Point (K): 1825 Boiling Point (K): 3413 Appearance: silvery-white, soft, malleable and ductile metal Atomic Radius (pm): 137 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.9 Covalent Radius (pm): 128 Ionic Radius: 65 (4e) 80 (2e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.244 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 17.24 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 372.4 Debye Temperature (K): 275.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 2.20 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 803.5 Oxidation States: 4, 2, 0 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.890 Return to the Periodic Table References Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7.Meija, J.; et al. (2016). Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305Wollaston, W. H. (1805). On the Discovery of Palladium; With Observations on Other Substances Found with Platina. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 95: 316–330. doi:10.1098/rstl.1805.0024Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.